THOMAS HOBBES

THOMAS HOBBES

Leviathan

Leviathan

The founding text of modern political philosophy

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Modernized English text

The text of Leviathan is presented in its complete English original, established from the 1651 editio princeps (London: Andrew Crooke) and fully modernized in spelling and punctuation for the contemporary reader, while preserving the rhythm and philosophical vocabulary of Hobbes. Controversial passages have been checked against the revised Latin edition of 1668. Biblical citations follow the King James Version, as Hobbes used them.

Editor's introduction

A substantial critical introduction by Marize Schons situating Leviathan as the inaugural text of modern political philosophy, reconstructing the historical context of the English Civil War and the regicide, examining the controversial reception of the work, and offering a detailed analysis of the visual rhetoric of the frontispiece

Marginal glosses

Hobbes's own marginal glosses have been preserved as running headings corresponding to their original locations, guiding the reader through the dense succession of definitions, distinctions, and demonstrations without breaking the flow of the prose.

Editorial notes and Index

Footnotes identifying scriptural and classical citations, glossing archaic vocabulary, recording substantive divergences from the 1668 Latin, and supplying scholarly context where the argument depends on a debate or figure outside the modern reader's range. A complete index covers proper names, biblical references, classical sources, and principal terms of art.

The Vita carmine expressa in bilingual edition

The edition includes Hobbes's autobiographical poem in Latin elegiac couplets, composed in 1672–73 in the manner of Ovid's Epistula ad Posteritatem, presented alongside the anonymous English verse translation of 1680 (Life of Mr. Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, London, 1680).

Hardcover binding

Durable, premium hardcover with a ribbon marker, designed for a lifetime on your shelf, and an additional thematic bookmark.

Logos Reader included

Includes a special issue of the Logos Reader dedicated to Hobbes's philosophical system, the doctrine of sovereignty, and the foundations of modern political thought.

A woman with long hair and a black blazer holds a copy of Boethius's "The Consolation of Philosophy" next to her face, published by Logos.
A woman with long hair and a black blazer holds a copy of Boethius's "The Consolation of Philosophy" next to her face, published by Logos.

Leviathan

The inaugural work of modern political philosophy, and the most systematic attempt to explain how the modern state comes into being, and why it must.

The inaugural work of modern political philosophy, and the most systematic attempt to explain how the modern state comes into being, and why it must.

Published in London in 1651, written during Hobbes's exile in Paris amid the English Civil War, Leviathan was addressed to a literate English public living through the collapse of political order. In the three and a half centuries since, it has become the decisive break with the classical tradition that conceived man as naturally political, replacing it with the argument that power and political institutions arise from the contingent actions of individuals, not from any preexisting natural order.

Published in London in 1651, written during Hobbes's exile in Paris amid the English Civil War, Leviathan was addressed to a literate English public living through the collapse of political order. In the three and a half centuries since, it has become the decisive break with the classical tradition that conceived man as naturally political, replacing it with the argument that power and political institutions arise from the contingent actions of individuals, not from any preexisting natural order.

In four parts, Hobbes builds his system from the most simple to the most complex: Of Man constructs the mechanistic anthropology of the passions and the state of nature; Of Commonwealth derives the social contract and absolute sovereignty; Of a Christian Commonwealth subordinates religious authority to civil power; and Of the Kingdom of Darkness dismantles the philosophical and theological distortions that undermine sovereign authority. The central argument holds throughout: against the bellum omnium contra omnes of the state of nature, only a single and uncontested sovereign power can secure civil peace.

In four parts, Hobbes builds his system from the most simple to the most complex: Of Man constructs the mechanistic anthropology of the passions and the state of nature; Of Commonwealth derives the social contract and absolute sovereignty; Of a Christian Commonwealth subordinates religious authority to civil power; and Of the Kingdom of Darkness dismantles the philosophical and theological distortions that undermine sovereign authority. The central argument holds throughout: against the bellum omnium contra omnes of the state of nature, only a single and uncontested sovereign power can secure civil peace.

"Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Hobbes wrote that as a logical hypothesis — the condition that makes the construction of the state not merely desirable but rational.

"Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Hobbes wrote that as a logical hypothesis — the condition that makes the construction of the state not merely desirable but rational.

Thomas Hobbes: The man who invented the modern state

Thomas Hobbes: The man who invented the modern state

Born in 1588 in Westport, Wiltshire, Thomas Hobbes was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and spent most of his adult life in the service of the Cavendish family, which brought him into contact with the leading intellectual figures of his time: Galileo in Florence, Mersenne and Descartes in Paris, Gassendi across the continent. His encounter with Euclid, allegedly at around forty years old, shaped the geometric method he would bring to political philosophy.

Born in 1588 in Westport, Wiltshire, Thomas Hobbes was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and spent most of his adult life in the service of the Cavendish family, which brought him into contact with the leading intellectual figures of his time: Galileo in Florence, Mersenne and Descartes in Paris, Gassendi across the continent. His encounter with Euclid, allegedly at around forty years old, shaped the geometric method he would bring to political philosophy.

He composed Leviathan in Paris, between 1640 and 1651, in the circle of the exiled royalist court of Charles II. The turbulence of the English Civil War, the execution of Charles I in 1649, and the dissolution of any stable political authority are at the root of the book's central conviction: that civil peace is the supreme practical good and that nothing is more to be feared than the dissolution of the commonwealth.

He composed Leviathan in Paris, between 1640 and 1651, in the circle of the exiled royalist court of Charles II. The turbulence of the English Civil War, the execution of Charles I in 1649, and the dissolution of any stable political authority are at the root of the book's central conviction: that civil peace is the supreme practical good and that nothing is more to be feared than the dissolution of the commonwealth.

He composed Leviathan in Paris, between 1640 and 1651, in the circle of the exiled royalist court of Charles II. The turbulence of the English Civil War, the execution of Charles I in 1649, and the dissolution of any stable political authority are at the root of the book's central conviction: that civil peace is the supreme practical good and that nothing is more to be feared than the dissolution of the commonwealth.

His influence has no simple boundary. Locke, Rousseau, Hume, and Kant all entered a territory that Hobbes had cleared. Carl Schmitt returned to him as the theorist of sovereignty in the twentieth century. Rawls and his successors still argue within a contractualist framework that Hobbes inaugurated. The vocabulary of the modern state carries his mark throughout.

His influence has no simple boundary. Locke, Rousseau, Hume, and Kant all entered a territory that Hobbes had cleared. Carl Schmitt returned to him as the theorist of sovereignty in the twentieth century. Rawls and his successors still argue within a contractualist framework that Hobbes inaugurated. The vocabulary of the modern state carries his mark throughout.

Inside the Logos ReadeR

Inside the Logos ReadeR

The Price of Peace: Hobbes and

the Foundations of Civil Order

The Price of Peace: Hobbes and

the Foundations of Civil Order

This issue accompanies Leviathan with three texts

that approach Hobbes from distinct but converging angles:

This issue accompanies the Confessions with four texts that illuminate Augustine from distinct but converging angles:

Hobbes and the Foundations of Modern Political Philosophy — A Logos Reader original covering Hobbes's intellectual formation, geometric method, doctrine of the body, the state of nature and the laws of nature, the social contract and the "mortal god," the indivisibility of sovereignty, and the subordination of religious to civil authority.

Hobbes and the Foundations of Modern Political Philosophy — A Logos Reader original covering Hobbes's intellectual formation, geometric method, doctrine of the body, the state of nature and the laws of nature, the social contract and the "mortal god," the indivisibility of sovereignty, and the subordination of religious to civil authority.

"The Philosophy of Hobbes: An Essay," by W. G. Pogson Smith, Originally prefaced to the Clarendon Press reprint of Leviathan (1909), this essay surveys the whole of Hobbes's thought, situating him among his contemporaries, Descartes, Bacon, Gassendi, and weighing the cost of his materialism for the moral and religious order.

"The Philosophy of Hobbes: An Essay," by W. G. Pogson Smith, Originally prefaced to the Clarendon Press reprint of Leviathan (1909), this essay surveys the whole of Hobbes's thought, situating him among his contemporaries, Descartes, Bacon, Gassendi, and weighing the cost of his materialism for the moral and religious order.

"The Motivation of Hobbes's Political Philosophy," by John Dewey, An early and influential historicist reading that anticipates the contextualist turn in twentieth-century Hobbes scholarship. Dewey locates the motivation of Hobbes's political doctrine in the seventeenth-century conflict between church and state, arguing that the theory of unified sovereignty serves chiefly to subordinate ecclesiastical claims to civil authority.

The Future of Augustinian Metaphysics, by Étienne Gilson
Written by one of the great historians of medieval philosophy, this essay examines the enduring philosophical relevance of Augustine's metaphysics and its relationship to the subsequent tradition.

Further Reading Academic references for deeper study.

Further Reading Academic references for deeper study.

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